{"id":7463,"date":"2012-11-04T12:57:56","date_gmt":"2012-11-04T11:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/informacyde.com\/blog\/?p=7463"},"modified":"2018-10-01T09:34:37","modified_gmt":"2018-10-01T07:34:37","slug":"explication-du-systeme-des-elections-americaines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informacyde.com\/blog\/actus\/explication-du-systeme-des-elections-americaines\/","title":{"rendered":"Explications du syst\u00e8me des \u00e9lections am\u00e9ricaines"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"people-wave-flags-for-u-s-republican-presidential-candidate-romney-at-a-campaign-rally-in-le-claire-park-bandshell-in-davenport_5172793\"<\/p>\n

A l’approche de l’\u00e9lection du 44e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis d’Am\u00e9rique, j’ai cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre le syst\u00e8me tr\u00e8s complexe des \u00e9lections et je vais tenter de vous l’expliquer. J’ai cherch\u00e9 ici et l\u00e0 des explications, mais elles sont soit incompl\u00e8tes soit trop complexes \u00e0 mon go\u00fbt.<\/p>\n

Prenons comme introduction<\/strong><\/span> celle de Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a> qui est claire \u00e0 mon sens, mais que je vais d\u00e9tailler plus bas : l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle am\u00e9ricaine est un scrutin indirect permettant l’\u00e9lection du coll\u00e8ge \u00e9lectoral qui choisit le pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis et le vice-pr\u00e9sident ; ce processus est r\u00e9gi par des r\u00e8gles inscrites dans la Constitution. La d\u00e9signation des grands \u00e9lecteurs et le choix des candidats font l’objet de r\u00e8gles \u00e9tablies par chacun des \u00c9tats d’o\u00f9 sont issues des traditions plus ou moins formalis\u00e9es. Depuis la seconde moiti\u00e9 du xxe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, ce processus prend environ un an.<\/p>\n

Le site LCI\/TF1 propose ici<\/a> un diaporama relativement clair sur ce syst\u00e8me de vote que je vais reprendre ici, expliquer et d\u00e9tailler plus bas :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Si nous avons un candidat d\u00e9mocrate<\/strong><\/span> et un candidat r\u00e9publicain<\/strong><\/span>, c’est tout simplement parce que ce sont les deux partis qui dominent la vie politique.<\/li>\n
  2. Le pr\u00e9sident est \u00e9lu pour 5 ans<\/strong><\/span>, mais le processus de pr\u00e9paration des \u00e9lections d\u00e9marre (comme en France) la 4e ann\u00e9e avec les primaires.<\/li>\n
  3. Le candidat sortant peut bien s\u00fbr directement se pr\u00e9senter de nouveau. L’autre doit se faire d\u00e9signer par son parti : en 2012 \u00e7a sera Mitt Romney pour les r\u00e9publicains.<\/li>\n
  4. L’\u00e9lection se d\u00e9roule toujours le mardi qui suit le premier dimanche de novembre<\/strong><\/span>. Le\u00a0mardi 6 novembre 2012 ou cette ann\u00e9e le mardi 8 novembre 2016.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  5. \u00c9tats par Etat, les citoyens choisissent les grands \u00e9lecteurs<\/strong><\/span> qui eux choisiront le nouveau pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis d’Am\u00e9rique (c’est ici que l’on comprend que c’est un suffrage INdirect). J’explique ci-dessous qui sont les grands \u00e9lecteurs<\/strong><\/em>. Ces derniers s’engagent \u00e0 suivre le vote populaire lors de leur propre vote.<\/li>\n
  6. L’intronisation<\/strong><\/span> : si le pr\u00e9sident sortant est r\u00e9\u00e9lu, la journ\u00e9e est relativement banale. En revanche, lorsque c’est un nouveau pr\u00e9sident, c’est la t\u00eate. Lors de cette journ\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0Inauguration day\u00a0\u00bb (le 20 janvier), il jure de pr\u00e9server, prot\u00e9ger et d\u00e9fendre la constitution en pr\u00eatant serment sur la bible.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Revenons aux grands \u00e9lecteurs<\/strong><\/span> : il y en a 538<\/strong> aux \u00c9tats-Unis d’Am\u00e9rique. Pour \u00eatre \u00e9lu, il en faut 270<\/strong>. Si c’est \u00e9gal\u00e9 parfaite, c’est la chambre des repr\u00e9sentants qui choisit le pr\u00e9sident. Les diff\u00e9rents Etats disposent de 3 \u00e0 55 grands \u00e9lecteurs.
    \nMais qui sont-ils ?<\/strong><\/em> Les grands \u00e9lecteurs repr\u00e9sentent un coll\u00e8ge \u00e9lectoral dont la d\u00e9finition figure dans la Constitution. Ils sont \u00e9lus au suffrage universel dans chaque \u00c9tat. En deux mots, ce sont des personnes qui repr\u00e9sentent un candidat.<\/strong>
    \nPrincipe important<\/strong><\/span> : le syst\u00e8me \u00e9lectoral donne toutes les voix de l’\u00c9tat au candidat arriv\u00e9 le premier.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a>
    Malgr\u00e9 un nombre inf\u00e9rieur de voix, Georges W. Bush l’emporte en 2000 gr\u00e2ce aux grands \u00e9lecteurs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Pour finir, il faut savoir que<\/strong><\/span> pour se pr\u00e9senter aux \u00e9lections, il faut \u00eatre \u00e2ge de plus de 35 ans, \u00eatre citoyen des \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 la naissance, avoir r\u00e9sid\u00e9 aux \u00c9tats-Unis pendant au moins 14 ans. Pas plus de 2 mandats autoris\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, les candidats ind\u00e9pendants peuvent aussi se pr\u00e9senter, mais ils n’ont pas les moyens d’\u00eatre \u00e0 la hauteur des deux principaux candidats (principalement pour des raisons financi\u00e8res, donc de campagne…)<\/p>\n

    J’esp\u00e8re que l’explication est claire, sinon les commentaires sont l\u00e0 pour poser des questions.<\/p>\n

    Vous avez aim\u00e9 cet article ? Partagez-le avec les boutons ci-dessous. Merci !<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    A l’approche de l’\u00e9lection du 44e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis d’Am\u00e9rique, j’ai cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre le syst\u00e8me tr\u00e8s complexe des \u00e9lections et je vais tenter de vous l’expliquer. J’ai cherch\u00e9 ici…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[10],"tags":[210,198,585,1124,1064,823],"class_list":["post-7463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actus","tag-amerique","tag-barack-obama","tag-election","tag-mitt-romney","tag-presidentielle","tag-usa-2"],"yoast_head":"\nExplications du syst\u00e8me de vote am\u00e9ricain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explications du syst\u00e8me de vote am\u00e9ricain avec les grands \u00e9lecteurs, les primaires et l'intronisation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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    Ce qu’il faut bien comprendre<\/strong><\/span> finalement c’est que ce sont les grands \u00e9lecteurs les personnages cl\u00e9s du vote comme le montre cet extrait du diaporama de LCI\/TF1<\/a>. En 2000, Georges W. Bush a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lu face \u00e0 Al Gore car il avait plus de grands \u00e9lecteurs (et pourtant moins de voix !). Cela prouve aussi l’importance du succ\u00e8s<\/em> \u00e0 avoir dans les \u00e9tats comportant de nombreux grands \u00e9lecteurs.<\/p>\n